Bagdah is a Scheduled Caste-reserved Assembly constituency. Once considered a stronghold of the Left Front, it has in recent years emerged as a key battleground between the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and the Trinamool Congress (TMC).
In the 2021 Assembly elections, BJP candidate Biswajit Das, who had defected from the Trinamool Congress, won the seat by defeating TMC’s Paritosh Kumar Saha by a margin of 9,792 votes. Das later resigned after returning to the Trinamool, which led to a by-election in 2024. The Trinamool did not give him a ticket and instead fielded Madhupurna Thakur, who defeated BJP candidate Binay Kumar Biswas by 33,455 votes.
In the 2016 elections, Bagdah had a total of 2,58,139 electors, with 2,05,546 valid votes cast. Congress candidate Dulal Chandra Bar won the seat with 1,02,026 votes, while Trinamool Congress candidate Upendra Nath Biswas finished second with 89,790 votes, losing by 12,236 votes.
In the 2011 elections, the constituency had 2,03,625 electors and 1,73,531 valid votes were recorded. Trinamool Congress candidate Upendra Nath Biswas won with 91,821 votes, while All India Forward Bloc candidate Mrinal Kanti Sikdar secured 70,865 votes and lost by a margin of 20,956 votes.