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This story is from November 13, 2024

Understanding pancreatic cancer: Symptoms, risk factors, and treatment options

Understanding pancreatic cancer: Symptoms, risk factors, and treatment options
Pancreatic cancer is a serious and often challenging disease known for its aggressive nature and high mortality rate. While it is not among the most common types of cancer, its incidence has been rising in countries like India. The difficulty in detecting pancreatic cancer early, coupled with the lack of specific symptoms in its initial stages, makes awareness of this condition crucial. In this article, we delve into the key aspects of pancreatic cancer, addressing common questions about its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and available treatment options.1. How common is pancreatic cancer in India?Pancreatic cancer is relatively uncommon in India, but its incidence is increasing. Currently, around 1-2 cases per 1 lakh population are being reported1 in the country.2. What are the reasons for developing pancreatic cancer?There are several risk factors that may contribute to the development of pancreatic cancer:
  • Family history of pancreatic cancer: Having a family history of pancreatic cancer can increase the risk of developing the disease due to genetic factors.
  • Lifestyle changes:

    • Smoking: Smoking is one of the most significant risk factors for pancreatic cancer.
    • Diet: A diet high in processed meat and low in fibre can increase the risk.
    • Alcohol consumption: Chronic alcohol consumption can contribute to pancreatic cancer risk.
  • Chronic pancreatitis: Inflammation of the pancreas over a prolonged period may lead to cancer.
  • Diabetes mellitus: Diabetes, especially newly detected diabetes in older individuals, can be associated with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer.
  • Chemical exposure: Long-term exposure to certain chemicals, such as those used in the petrochemical industry, may increase the risk.
3. What are the symptoms of pancreatic cancer?The symptoms of pancreatic cancer can be vague and often appear only in the later stages of the disease. Common symptoms include:
  • Jaundice: Yellowing of the skin and eyes due to bile duct obstruction.
  • Abdominal pain / Back pain: Pain in the abdomen or upper back, often worsening after eating.
  • Unexplained weight loss: Sudden weight loss without any change in diet or activity levels.
  • Newly detected diabetes: The onset of diabetes in older adults may sometimes be linked to pancreatic dysfunction.
  • Dyspeptic symptoms: Indigestion or discomfort in the upper abdomen, often accompanied by nausea or vomiting.
  • Fatigue: A general feeling of extreme tiredness or weakness.
4. What tests are done to diagnose pancreatic cancer?Several diagnostic tests are used to detect pancreatic cancer:
  • CT scan: A CT scan provides detailed information about the tumour's size, location, and whether it has spread to nearby organs.
  • MRCP scan: This is performed when a CT scan is inconclusive or when differentiation between a tumour and chronic pancreatitis is difficult.
  • Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS): EUS is not routinely required but may be used in rare cases where it is difficult to differentiate between the tumour and chronic pancreatitis based on other imaging tests.
  • PET-CT: A PET-CT scan helps determine if the tumour has spread to other parts of the body.
  • CA 19-9: CA 19-9 is a blood test that measures a tumour marker often elevated in pancreatic cancer.
  • Biopsy: Although not routinely done, a biopsy may be performed if the cancer is in an advanced stage and chemotherapy is planned as the first treatment option.
5. What are the treatment options for pancreatic cancer?Treatment for pancreatic cancer depends on the stage of the disease and whether it is localised or has spread to other organs:
  • Surgery: Surgery offers the best chance of a cure for pancreatic cancer when the disease is localised. Common surgical procedures include:

    • Whipple procedure: Performed for tumours in the head of the pancreas, this surgery involves removing part of the pancreas, duodenum, bile duct, and sometimes part of the stomach.
    • Distal pancreatectomy: For tumours located in the tail or body of the pancreas, this surgery removes part of the pancreas and sometimes the spleen.
6. What is the role of chemotherapy and radiation therapy?
  • Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy is used for patients with a high risk of recurrence after surgery, as determined by the histopathological report. It is also used for patients with advanced, inoperable cancer.
  • Radiation therapy: Radiation therapy is primarily used in advanced cases to reduce pain and provide palliative care, improving quality of life. It may also be combined with chemotherapy in some cases to shrink the tumour before surgery.
Pancreatic cancer is a serious condition that is often diagnosed at advanced stages, making early detection and awareness crucial. While treatment options like surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy are available, early intervention significantly improves the chances of better outcomes. Increased public awareness of symptoms and risk factors can help in seeking timely medical advice, potentially saving lives.
Dr. Anis
Kauvery Hospital Trichy is well-equipped with advanced medical technology to provide comprehensive cancer care. Dr. Anis is an experienced Consultant Surgical Oncologist at Kauvery Hospital Trichy, specializing in the management of various cancers, including pancreatic cancer. He is a firm believer in a multidisciplinary approach to cancer treatment. He collaborates closely with medical and radiation oncologists to develop tailored treatment plans for each patient, integrating the latest advancements in cancer care. References:
  1. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9476884/
Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed in the story are independent professional judgment of the experts and we do not take any responsibility for the accuracy of their views. This should not be considered as a substitute for medical advice. Please consult your doctor for more details. Kauvery Hospital is solely liable for the correctness, reliability of the content and/or compliance of applicable laws. The above is non-editorial content and TIL does not guarantee, vouch or endorse any of it. Please take all steps necessary to ascertain that any information and content provided is correct, updated, and verified.
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