Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease on the rise: What Hyderabad doctor wants parents to know to reduce the occurrence?

Changing lifestyles have increased the prevalence of many diseases around us, one of them is Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) in children. This disease, which encompasses two conditions, Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn’s disease, is a dreadful condition of the gastrointestinal tract in children that causes symptoms like diarrhoea, blood in stool, and growth failure. “IBD has been more common in Western countries; however, recently, a rapid rise in IBD cases is seen in Indian children as well,” says Dr Parijat Ram Tripathi, Consultant Pediatric Gastroenterologist and Hepatologist, Ankura Hospital for Women and Children. He adds that this condition prevails in 0.3% of the population, of which 25% are children. What is alarming is that, as per a recent study, the prevalence of IBD has more than doubled in the past decade and continues to rise.

While it is not possible to pinpoint the exact cause of this immune-mediated condition, several factors are believed to contribute to its development. Dr Parijat suggests drastic changes in lifestyle over the past few years as one of the key reasons for this rise. He says, “the typical Indian diet was high-fiber and high-protein, which is protective against IBD, but today the amount of sugars and fats consumed by children is more than ever. Carbonated, high-sugar drinks, unhealthy chips, candies, chocolates, and other processed and high-fat foods are easily available across supermarkets, and are often even purchased independently by young children.” He further adds that self-prescribed antibiotics, often taken irregularly or without completing the full course, not only contribute to antimicrobial resistance but also disrupt the gut microbiota, increasing the risk of IBD in children. Apart from the above, inactivity and obesity are some other environmental factors that may contribute to this condition in children. “With a prior genetic predisposition, the chances of developing IBD are higher; however westernised lifestyle contributes significantly to the development of this debilitating disease in Indian children,” he adds.

Apart from the discomfort it causes, IBD also affects a child’s growth. If diagnosed late due to a lack of awareness, children may lose crucial years of growth and development. Early identification is thus essential to halt disease progression and support healthy growth while preventing complications. Home and school alike must note for important signs such as pale skin, unusual fatigue, reduced physical activity, loss of concentration, loss of weight, and frequent passage of stools, and consider the possibility of IBD if these symptoms are observed. Dr Parijat advises consulting a pediatric gastroenterologist in case of doubt to rule out this condition. “IBD in children progresses more rapidly than IBD in adults, which is why early, specialised care is crucial,” says Dr. Parijat.

A healthy diet and lifestyle can have a positive impact and may help reduce the risk of IBD in children. Parents are advised to develop healthy eating habits in children right from the start. Consumption of whole grains, fruits, and vegetables in adequate amounts should be encouraged, whereas a strict check should be kept on sugars and fats in the diet. Processed and packaged foods, which have unfortunately become a trend, should be discouraged to help prevent IBD and promote better overall health. In babies, adequate breastfeeding can prove protective and should be encouraged. Moreover, Dr. Parijat adds that antibiotics should only be used when indicated and prescribed by a doctor and must not be purchased or administered by parents on their own.

If a child is diagnosed with IBD, regular follow-ups with a pediatric gastroenterologist can help manage the disease effectively. While IBD cannot be completely cured, it can be kept under control with specific medications. It’s reassuring that most children with IBD go on to lead healthy lives and perform well with the right support.
“With the rise of IBD in children, our social responsibility has grown, too. As a society, we must work together to identify the condition early and help children fight it. Children with IBD need empathy and support. Schools should allow them to progress at their own pace and provide specific accommodations, such as permitting more frequent usage of toilets, considering medical leaves, and refraining from enforcing strenuous physical activities on them at the time of flares. Homes, on the other hand, also need to provide a safe and encouraging space for children with IBD, allowing them to grow, thrive, and excel,” concludes Dr Parijat.