Early signs of liver cancer doctor urges you not to ignore

The liver is the largest internal organ of the human body. This vital organ is crucial for the processes of digestion, detoxifying the body, and the storage of nutrients. Located in the upper right abdomen, it also plays a role in the filtration of blood. When the liver is affected by serious conditions like Hepatocellular Carcinoma (liver cancer), the consequences can be life-threatening—even if the early symptoms seem deceptively mild. Liver cancer is sometimes also called a “silent disease”, as it may not cause major symptoms until it has progressed. However, certain early warning signs can help detect the condition for timely and effective medical intervention.

(Dr. Gowri Kulkarni, Head of Medical Operations, MediBuddy)
As of 2024, liver cancer in India has a prevalence rate of 2.27 per 100,000 population, making it a serious health concern. Recognising its early signs is crucial to help individuals protect themselves and their loved ones—especially as cases continue to rise. Here are five early symptoms of liver malignancy that one should not ignore.

One of the most reported symptoms of liver cancer is continuous discomfort or pain in the upper right area of the abdomen. The discomfort may also extend to the back or right shoulder, causing a sensation of heaviness. Because abdominal discomfort can arise from many common issues like indigestion or infection, it is often overlooked, leading to delays in seeking appropriate medical attention.

A noticeable decline in appetite, especially when unexplained, can be an early indicator of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Tumour-related changes in metabolism and liver function can create a persistent feeling of fullness or reduce the desire to eat altogether. When such a change occurs without any clear reason, it should be taken seriously and evaluated by a medical professional.

Unexplained weight loss, especially when not related to changes in diet or physical activity, can be an early warning sign of liver cancer. As the tumour progresses, it can disrupt normal metabolism, leading to gradual or even sudden weight loss. Because this symptom can easily be mistaken for other causes, it’s important to take any noticeable drop in weight seriously and consult a healthcare professional.

Fatigue and weakness are often attributed to everyday stress, overwork, or lack of sleep—making them easy to overlook as potential symptoms of liver cancer. However, when these feelings become persistent and don’t improve with rest, they could indicate that the liver is no longer metabolising nutrients efficiently or managing toxins properly due to tumour growth. If you’re constantly feeling drained without a clear cause, it’s important to seek medical advice

Swelling of the abdomen accompanied by a feeling of heaviness or bloating could be due to fluid collection. This can occur when liver function deteriorates or when a tumour interferes with normal blood flow. While abdominal swelling can be caused by various conditions, when it presents along with other symptoms like pain or weight loss, it should not be ignored.

While few of the symptoms may appear mild or non-specific at first, one should not take them lightly–especially those already suffering from chronic liver issues. Regular testing and health check-ups by trained medical professionals can be significant in identifying ailments before the condition progresses. Staying informed, acting early, and prioritising routine screenings can go a long way in safeguarding people’s liver health.
(Image: Canva)

Jaundice occurs when there's a buildup of bilirubin, a yellow pigment formed during the breakdown of red blood cells. In liver-related conditions, the liver may struggle to process or excrete bilirubin properly, leading to its accumulation in the blood. This yellowing may first be visible in the whites of the eyes and can spread to the skin as levels rise. Jaundice can be accompanied by dark urine, pale stools, and itching, and may signal serious underlying liver dysfunction requiring prompt medical attention.

If you notice these signs, it is important to consult a doctor.