Breast Cancer: 7 myths vs facts that can raise more awareness and save lives

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world, affecting millions of women and some men each year. It is the most commonly diagnosed cancer globally and is the leading cause of cancer death in women. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), in 2022, there were an estimated 2.3 million new cases of breast cancer diagnosed worldwide, resulting in approximately 670,000 deaths.

In 2025, breast cancer remains a significant global health concern, as approximately 2.3 million new cases of breast cancer are expected worldwide, with a substantial number of deaths attributed to the disease. The global burden is projected to rise, with the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) estimating 3.2 million new cases and 1.1 million deaths annually by 2050 if current trends continue.

Despite decades of research and awareness campaigns, many harmful myths and half-truths still circulate—spreading faster than facts—making it harder for people to understand their real risks and options. Believing these myths can not only cause unnecessary fear and delay diagnosis but also prevent life-saving treatment. And the truth is, awareness is more than wearing pink ribbons; it’s about knowing the real facts and challenging the false beliefs that put people at risk. Here, we bust seven common myths about breast cancer with science-backed facts to help you stay informed and safe.

This one’s possibly the most widespread myth of all and potentially stems from the name.

Fact: Men can also develop breast cancer, though it’s rare.

While breast cancer is far more common in women due to hormonal and breast tissue differences, men have breast tissue too, which means they can develop tumors. The American Cancer Society estimates that about 2,800 US men will be diagnosed with breast cancer in 2025. Men often ignore early symptoms like a lump, nipple discharge, or changes in breast shape, leading to later diagnoses and poorer outcomes. Awareness campaigns are starting to highlight that anyone with breast tissue, regardless of gender, should watch for changes and speak to a doctor without any delay.

Another myth, rooted in stereotype and devoid of facts.

Fact: It can happen at any age.

It’s true that breast cancer risk increases with age; most cases are diagnosed in women over 50, but younger women are not immune. According to the CDC, about 9% of new breast cancer cases in the US occur in women under 45. Factors like BRCA gene mutations, family history, obesity, and high alcohol intake can increase risk in younger people. Because they don’t expect it, younger women may ignore warning signs or have them dismissed by doctors. Experts recommend reporting any persistent breast changes regardless of age.

The scare is real but baseless.

Fact: Most lumps are not cancerous.

Breast lumps can be caused by many things, including cysts, fibroadenomas (benign tumors), and hormonal changes. In fact, about 80% of breast lumps are benign. However, that doesn’t mean they should be ignored. Any new lump or unusual change should be checked by a healthcare provider, who may recommend an ultrasound, mammogram, or biopsy. Early evaluation is crucial because if it is cancer, catching it early can save lives.

Just like not every lump is cancerous, breast cancer doesn’t always show up with a lump.

Fact: Some cases present with other symptoms.

While a lump is the most common sign, breast cancer can also appear as skin changes (like redness, dimpling, or thickening), nipple inversion, discharge (especially bloody), or swelling in part of the breast. Inflammatory breast cancer, a rare but aggressive type, may not cause a distinct lump at all, but instead make the breast look red, swollen, and warm. Knowing these less obvious symptoms can help catch cases earlier, especially aggressive ones.

Age-old myth; only complaint, it hasn’t aged like fine wine!

Fact: There’s no scientific evidence to support this.

One long-standing myth suggests that underwire bras block lymph flow, “trapping toxins” in the breast, and that antiperspirants cause cancer by allowing chemicals to be absorbed through the skin. Multiple large studies, including those by the American Cancer Society and the National Cancer Institute, have found no link between bras, deodorants, and breast cancer. The biggest proven lifestyle risk factors remain excess alcohol use, lack of physical activity, and being overweight after menopause, not your choice of bra or deodorant.

Cancers are genetic, yes. However, not always.

Fact: Most people diagnosed have no family history of breast cancer.

Family history and inherited gene mutations like BRCA1 and BRCA2 do increase risk, but they account for only about 5-10% of all breast cancer cases. The majority of patients have no close relatives with the disease. That’s why routine screening is important for everyone, not just those with a known genetic risk. Lifestyle factors, hormonal changes, and environmental exposures also play a role.

This one’s as mindless as it goes!

Fact: The radiation exposure is extremely low, and benefits outweigh risks.

Some people fear mammograms because they use X-rays, but the radiation dose is tiny, about the same as two months of natural background radiation. For most women, the benefits of finding cancer early far outweigh any potential risks. The US Preventive Services Task Force currently recommends screening every two years for women aged 40-74, though some high-risk individuals may need earlier or more frequent testing. Skipping mammograms out of fear can be far more dangerous than the screening itself.

Misinformation about breast cancer can be deadly. False beliefs can have serious consequences; they can stop people from getting screenings, delay diagnosis, or cause unnecessary fear. Awareness campaigns aren’t just about fundraising; they’re about education and action. Understanding the facts helps you make informed choices about your health, support loved ones, and advocate for better screening and treatment access in your community.

While there’s no guaranteed way to prevent breast cancer, you can lower your risk:

Maintain a healthy weight

Exercise regularly

Limit alcohol to one drink a day or less

Eat a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains

Avoid smoking

Breastfeed if possible (linked to reduced risk)

Discuss genetic testing if you have a strong family history

Breast cancer is complex and influenced by many factors. Myths oversimplify the disease and can put lives at risk. Debunk those myths, learn the facts, and stay vigilant for symptoms. Showing up for screening on time and getting diagnosed at an early stage can all play a role in improving survival rates, as well as the quality of life.