Acute kidney injury: Factors that may lead to it

AKI is a condition characterized by a sudden decline in kidney function, often occurring within a short period of time. It is crucial to understand the underlying causes, as early detection and appropriate management can significantly impact your health and recovery.

Dr. Sujit Chatterjee, CEO at Dr. LH Hiranandani Hospital, Powai, Mumbai says “Medical history evaluation such as symptoms, medical conditions, and any recent events that could contribute to kidney damage. A physical examination helps us evaluate signs of fluid retention, decreased urine output, or other indications of kidney dysfunction. Blood tests will be performed to measure the levels of creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), which are markers of kidney function. Additionally, urine tests may be conducted to assess kidney health.”

In some cases, imaging tests such as ultrasound or CT scan may be required to identify any structural abnormalities or blockages in the urinary tract.

AKI can have various causes, including:

Reduced blood flow to the kidneys: This can happen due to dehydration, low blood pressure, heart failure, or shock.

Direct kidney damage: Infections, certain medications, toxins, or contrast dyes used in medical imaging procedures can directly harm the kidneys.

Kidney-related diseases or conditions: Conditions such as glomerulonephritis or interstitial nephritis can impair kidney function.

Urinary tract obstruction: Blockages like kidney stones or an enlarged prostate can obstruct the urinary tract, leading to AKI.

“Decreased urine output, Swelling in the legs, ankles, or face due to fluid retention, Fatigue and weakness, Nausea, vomiting, or loss of appetite Shortness of breath and confusion or difficulty concentrating are the most common symptoms of AKI, " says Dr. Chatterjee.

If dehydration, infection, or medication-related issues contribute to AKI, appropriate interventions will be implemented. Maintaining a balance of fluids and electrolytes is crucial, and intravenous fluids or diuretics may be administered to optimize kidney function. Depending on the cause, certain medications may be prescribed to manage symptoms, control blood pressure, or reduce inflammation.