Whiteheads vs blackheads: Key differences, causes, and how to identify them

If you've ever stood in front of a mirror wondering what those black and white tiny bumps are on your face, then you’re not alone. These are whiteheads and blackheads, which are caused by clogged pores and differ in formation, treatment, and appearance as well. Well, if you misidentify them with the wrong treatment, then be prepared for the worst.

So, let’s start by understanding the difference between whiteheads and blackheads, how one can identify them, their treatment, and lastly, what can be done to prevent these.

What are whiteheads?
The surface of the skin forms whiteheads when a closed comedone occurs. This happens due to a pore getting clogged with oil, dead cells, and bacteria. A whitehead remains closed on the surface. This is because the opening to the pore gets blocked, and everything is trapped beneath. This forms a bump under the skin which can be white or flesh-coloured. They are usually located on the chin, cheeks, forehead and jaws. Whiteheads are often painless.

What are blackheads?
Blackheads are known as open comedones and are developed when pores become clogged with oil, dead skin, and dirt but remain open. The dark appearance isn’t because the dirt is trapped inside, but it is because of exposed oxygen, which triggers the oxidation process, making the pores look plug dark brown or completely black. You can commonly find them on the nose, chin, forehead, and upper cheeks. Your skin will feel rough when touched, whereas these are usually non-inflammatory.


How to treat whiteheads?
Salicylic acid: It is a type of beta-hydroxy acid; this ingredient delivers to the pores to dissolve sebum (oil) along with any debris or dead skin sloughed off.

Retinoid: Prescription retinoids increase cell turnover and help prevent clogged pores.

Niacinamide: This magical ingredient regulates oil production and improves the overall skin texture.
Benzoyl peroxide: It is useful when the whiteheads become inflamed or usually start developing into pimples.



How to treat blackheads?
Clay masks: Clay usually absorbs the excess oil and helps clear pore congestion.

Retinoids: Retinoids help in preventing the formation of new blackheads by keeping the pores clear.

Chemical Exfoliants: The AHAs and BHAs usually remove the dead skin cells, which contribute to clogged pores and give a refreshing and clear base.

How to prevent both?
Start washing your face twice a day with a gentle cleanser, and use non-comedogenic skincare and makeup products. Apply sunscreen every day, and try to exfoliate your skin once a week. Maintain a consistent skincare routine, and remember to remove your makeup before going to bed.

When to visit a dermatologist?
If your skincare products are not helping you in this situation after several weeks, and your acne starts becoming painful or starts causing scarring, then it's time to consult a dermatologist. Professional treatments such as chemical peels, extractions, and retinoids will most probably be recommended, which will help you get out of this situation.


Parting thoughts
Although both might seem similar, with the right treatment you will start noticing the differences and will also avoid the common skincare mistakes. Just follow a consistent regimen, be patient, and deal with the right ingredients. Remember that it's just acne issues that can easily be managed and eventually prevented over time.