4 lesser-known monuments built by Khilji dynasty

The Khilji dynasty, ruling from 1290 to 1320, was a transformative era in Indian architecture, marked by the ambitious building projects of Sultan Alauddin Khilji. These structures, characterized by their innovative blend of Islamic and indigenous Indian architectural elements, have left an unforgettable mark on the historical and cultural fabric of India, showcasing the Khilji dynasty’s contribution to the architectural heritage that continues to draw admiration to this day.

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The Alai Darwaza, constructed in 1311 by Sultan Alauddin Khilji, is an exquisite example of the blend of Indian and Islamic architecture. This southern gateway to the Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque within the Qutub Minar complex in Delhi is notable for its red sandstone structure adorned with intricate white marble inlays. The Darwaza showcases the architectural innovation of its time, being the first building in India to employ Islamic construction principles. It features a square base supporting a dome, horseshoe-shaped arches, and extensive Arabic calligraphy. The Alai Darwaza is not only a significant historical structure but also a UNESCO World Heritage Site, representing the artistic and cultural zenith of the Khilji dynasty.

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Siri Fort, established by Alauddin Khilji in the early 14th century, was another remarkable monument built as a formidable defense against the Mongol invasions. Located in present-day New Delhi, it was once part of a larger city area called Siri, known for its massive fortifications. The fort’s design was influenced by the Seljuk architecture, reflecting the craftsmanship of the Seljuq dynasty’s artisans who took refuge in Delhi. Although now in ruins, Siri Fort’s legacy endures, with remnants of its walls and structures scattered across the area. It served not only as a military stronghold but also as a seat of power for Alauddin Khilji during his expansive campaigns. Today, the site is a significant historical landmark, offering a glimpse into the military and architectural strategies of the Khilji dynasty.

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The Jamaat Khana Masjid, also known as the Khilji Mosque, is a historic mosque built by Khizr Khan, the son of Sultan Alauddin Khilji, between 1315-1325 AD. Located in the Nizamuddin Auliya Shrine Complex of Delhi, it is the largest structure within the complex and continues to be a place of worship. The mosque is distinguished by its red sandstone construction, featuring a central domed chamber flanked by two side chambers. Its walls are adorned with inscriptions of Quranic texts, and the arches are embellished with lotus bud motifs. The mosque underwent extensive conservation work by the Aga Khan Trust for Culture, which restored its original glory after years of deterioration. This restoration work included removing layers of paint to reveal the original sandstone and intricate geometrical motifs.

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The Hauz-i-Khas, or the “Royal Tank,” is an ancient water reservoir located in the Hauz Khas complex of South Delhi. Built by Sultan Alauddin Khilji in the 13th century to supply water to the inhabitants of Siri Fort, it was part of a larger plan to fortify the city against invasions. The reservoir was originally spread over 100 acres and served as a critical water source during the dry season. In the 14th century, the area around Hauz-i-Khas became a cultural hub, with the construction of a mosque, a madrasa, and the tomb of Firoz Shah Tughlaq, who expanded the complex and added educational and spiritual institutions. Today, the Hauz-i-Khas is a popular urban hangout spot, surrounded by historical ruins, chic boutiques, and eateries, blending the contemporary with the medieval.

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