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Explained: What is NOTAM and why its failure led to grounding of thousands of US flights

NEW DELHI: Thousands of flights were grounded in the US early Wednesday after a major glitch in the computer system, leaving passengers across the country stranded at airports.

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The US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) said that flights were grounded due to failure of a key pilot notification system called Notice to Air Missions (NOTAM).


It later lifted the grounding order for all departing US flights as the normal operations were gradually being restored.
Flights grounded across US after FAA system Failure
A computer outage at the Federal Aviation Administration brought flights to a standstill across the US, with hundreds of delays quickly cascading through the system at airports nationwide.
The FAA ordered airlines to pause all domestic departures until at least 1430 GMT (7.30pm IST).

The US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) scrambled to fix outage in a key pilot notification system called NOTAM, with passengers being told to check with airlines for updates.

Most delays were concentrated along the East Coast, but were beginning to spread west. Airlines began to delay flights in response to the outage. FAA said that some functions are beginning to come back on line, but that “National Airspace System operations remain limited.”





There is no evidence of a cyber attack in the FAA system outage that grounded flights across the country and President Joe Biden has ordered an investigation.
The halt comes in the wake of a large-scale aviation meltdown in the United States over the Christmas holiday, as a storm brought unseasonably cold temperatures to the majority of the country and caused chaos, with thousands of flights delayed or canceled.

The Federal Aviation Administration lifted a ground stop on flights across the US following a computer outage early that resulted in thousands of delays quickly cascading through the system at airports nationwide.

Normal air traffic operations are resuming gradually across the US on Wednesday following a technical failure in the system that provides safety info to flight crews.
Biden told reporters at the White House he had spoken to Transportation Secretary Pete Buttigieg and they should have a good sense in a couple of hours of what triggered the outage.



Air Canada, the foreign carrier with the most flights into the United States, said its transborder operations would be affected by a US system outage on Wednesday, but it was too early to determine the full impact.


In an earlier advisory on its website, the FAA said its NOTAM system had "failed", although NOTAMs issued before the outage were still viewable.


A traveler looks at a flight information display listing cancelled and delayed flights due to the FAA outage at Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport in Arlington, Virginia (AFP)
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What is NOTAM?
A NOTAM is a notice containing information essential to personnel concerned with flight operations, but not known far enough in advance to be publicized by other means, according to the FAA website.

It was originally used way back in 1947 and were modeled after "Notice to Mariners", which advised ship captains of hazards in navigating the high seas.

* NOTAMs indicate the real-time and abnormal status of the NAS impacting every user.
* NOTAMs concern the establishment, condition, or change of any facility, service, procedure or hazard in the NAS.
* NOTAMs have a unique language using special contractions to make communication more efficient.

NOTAMs basically provide information about potential hazards or changes to flight operations that may affect safety.



This information can include things like temporary flight restrictions, changes to air traffic control procedures, runway closures, and other issues that could impact flights in a specific area.

Courtesy: FAA
When are NOTAMs used
NOTAMs are typically issued on a short-term basis, and they are meant to be used by pilots, air traffic controllers, and other aviation professionals to stay informed about changes to flight operations.



They are also used by airport operators and other organizations that need to be aware of potential hazards or disruptions to flights in order to plan accordingly.

People wait in line to get through security at JFK airport on January 11, 2023 in New York City. (AFP)

When a NOTAM is issued, it is distributed to a variety of different sources, including flight planning software, flight information publications, and websites that specialize in aviation information. Pilots are typically required to check NOTAMs before taking off in order to ensure that they are aware of any hazards or changes that could impact their flight.

Overall, the NOTAM system is an important tool for ensuring the safety and efficiency of flight operations by providing pilots and other aviation professionals with critical information about potential hazards and changes to flight operations.

(With inputs from agencies)
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