The latest crisis began when Iran launched 11 missiles towards northern Israel, targeting the Ramat David air base near Nazareth. Iran's Revolutionary Guards described the strike as retaliation for Israeli actions in Lebanon, attacks on Iranian interests and what Tehran called repeated violations of regional ceasefire understandings. Israel said all incoming missiles were intercepted and reported no direct casualties, though several people were injured while rushing to shelters. Air raid sirens sounded across large parts of northern and central Israel, prompting authorities to shut schools nationwide.
Israel quickly condemned the attack, with military spokesman Brigadier General Effie Defrin saying Iran had made a "grave mistake" by choosing "the path of terror." Hours later, the Israeli Air Force announced strikes against military targets in western and central Iran, marking the most significant direct Israeli military response since the ceasefire took effect in April. Reports also emerged of explosions near Karaj, west of Tehran, while Iran temporarily closed airspace around Imam Khomeini International Airport following the strikes.
The military exchanges come at a sensitive moment for diplomacy. US President Donald Trump has insisted that the latest violence will not derail negotiations with Tehran. Speaking to the Financial Times, Trump said Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu "doesn't call the shots" and claimed a peace agreement remained within reach. According to US and Israeli officials cited by Axios, Trump personally urged Netanyahu not to retaliate further, arguing that Washington was close to securing a breakthrough with Iran. "We are very close to a final deal with Iran," Trump said, adding that another round of military action could jeopardise months of negotiations.
At the same time, Trump has maintained a hardline position on key issues. He has ruled out lifting sanctions or unfreezing Iranian assets before an agreement is reached and has stated that the United States intends to eliminate Iran's stockpile of highly enriched uranium regardless of Tehran's consent. These demands remain among the biggest obstacles to a final settlement.
The conflict continues to extend beyond Iran and Israel. Israel resumed strikes in Beirut's southern suburbs, a Hezbollah stronghold, despite a US-backed truce proposal for Lebanon. Hezbollah has continued attacks on Israeli positions, while Iran has linked its missile strikes on Israel partly to Israeli military operations in Lebanon. Tehran warned that any further action against Iran or Lebanon would be met with a "crushing and comprehensive response."
Regional diplomacy remains active amid the tensions. Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi held calls with counterparts in France, Qatar, the United Kingdom and Türkiye, while also speaking with Pakistani military leadership. Pakistan continues to position itself as a mediator between Washington and Tehran, with Interior Minister Mohsin Naqvi visiting Iran carrying a reported message from Army Chief Field Marshal Asim Munir.
The renewed hostilities have also rattled global markets. Brent crude oil rose above $95 a barrel as investors reacted to fears of wider conflict and possible disruptions to shipping through the Strait of Hormuz, a route that handles around one-fifth of the world's oil trade. Despite continued diplomatic engagement, missile attacks, Israeli airstrikes, disagreements over sanctions and uranium enrichment, and ongoing fighting in Lebanon have once again placed hopes for a lasting regional settlement under strain.