India has publicly called out the growing strategic axis of China, Pakistan and Turkey. On the first anniversary of Operation Sindoor, Indian military officials signalled a shift in India’s threat perception, warning of an emerging “three-adversary” challenge involving Beijing, Islamabad and Ankara. From Chinese fighter jets and missile systems to Turkish-origin drones recovered after cross-border attacks, India says the convergence is no longer theoretical. Defence cooperation between Pakistan, China and Turkey has expanded steadily in recent years — spanning drones, naval systems, intelligence-sharing and battlefield technologies.