India entered the nuclear club on May 18, 1974, with Pokhran‑I, a “Peaceful Nuclear Explosion”. Though initially paused due to fears of sanctions, India resumed its programme after tensions with China and Pakistan, culminating in Operation Shakti on May 11, 1998, when five devices were tested. These trials cemented India’s nuclear status despite global sanctions. Since then, India has built a full nuclear triad: land‑based Agni missiles , air‑delivered weapons via Jaguar, Mirage, and Rafale aircraft, and sea‑based deterrence through nuclear submarines INS Arihant, INS Arighat, and INS Aridhaman. With a no‑first‑use policy, submarine capability is vital. National Technology Day commemorates these strides and India’s rapid advances in defence and civil technology.