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Kannada TV actor Chethana Raj's death following a plastic surgery has shocked the entire nation. The actress was admitted to a private hospital in Bengaluru on May 16 for a 'fat free' surgery. She reportedly faced changes in her health during the evening hours as water started accumulating in her lungs.

According to the latest reports, Chethana's parents have alleged that it was the doctor's negligence that led to the untimely death of their daughter and have filed a police complaint against the hospital committee. "I asked my daughter not to go through any surgery. She had some complications during operation & the hospital staff informed my wife that she has a problem with breathing. We shifted her to some other hospital where the doctors declared her dead," her father told media.

The 21 year old actor's death calls for immediate attention towards the 'fat free surgery'.

There are two types of fat-free surgeries -- bariatric and liposuction surgery.

Liposuction is a plastic surgery that removes extra fat from the body. It’s a popular cosmetic surgery option to improve the shape or contours of the body. People usually undergo this to remove excess fat from thighs, hips, buttocks, abdomen, arms, neck, or back.

Gastric bypass and other weight-loss surgeries — collectively known as bariatric surgery — involve making changes to your digestive system to help you lose weight. Bariatric surgery is done when diet and exercise haven't worked or when you have serious health problems because of your weight.

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Dr. G. Moinoddin, Consultant - Bariatric & Advanced Laparoscopic Surgery at Manipal Hospital Millers Road, shared that the doctor evaluates the patient before the surgery. Fat distribution and BMI are very important before undergoing fat-free surgery. For bariatric surgery, the BMI should be more than 30 and for liposuction for fat removal from the tummy, there is no specific BMI index.

You should avoid liposuction if you smoke, have chronic health problems, have a weak immune system, have a history of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), or seizures. Those who take medications that can increase the risk of bleeding, such as blood thinners, should also avoid undergoing this surgery.

There are several risks associated with bariatric surgery such as excessive bleeding, infections, blood clots and lung or breathing problems. There can be leaks in your gastrointestinal system. Death is also a risk, however, it happens in only rare circumstances.

Liposuction, too, is accompanied by several possible risks that should be considered. These include shock (from not getting enough fluid during surgery), fluid accumulation under the skin, fat embolism (when tiny pieces of fat break away and block blood flow), change in skin sensation and numbness. There may also be a risk of damage to nerves, blood vessels, muscles, lungs, and abdominal organs.

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Dr. G. Moinoddin advises that the patient should not pressurise the doctor and let the doctor decide the suitable surgery based on the previous history of the disease, ongoing medications, and other health conditions. "A good hospital with state-of-the-art facilities, excellent ICU backup, and an expert doctor is a must for any surgeries. Medical advice can make your surgery a cakewalk and recovery will be smooth. Hence, surgery at a well-equipped hospital with medical advice will make the surgery safe."

Liposuction or bariatric surgery are not substitutes for weight loss and exercise. You must also be willing to make permanent changes to lead a healthier lifestyle. Not everyone has a suitable health condition to safely undergo the procedure. You should follow the necessary extensive screening process to see if you qualify. Make sure you meet with a certified plastic surgeon and discuss the potential complications and risks before the surgery.