3000-year-old ceremonial pyramid revealed in Central Mexico

Over 3,000 years ago, a complex of stone pyramids emerged in the heart of Mexico. Recent archaeological endeavours have unveiled their purpose as ceremonial sites for indigenous communities. Situated within a vast archaeological expanse in Puebla, a state in central Mexico, these pyramids, numbering over a dozen, have garnered attention.

For the past decade, archaeologists have focused on excavating three of these pyramids, forming what is referred to as a ‘Great Plaza,’ as stated in a news release by the National Institute of Anthropology and History (INAH).
These excavations validate the hypothesis that the site served as a venue for indigenous peoples from Sierra Norte to conduct ceremonial astronomical observations. These ceremonies, estimated to have occurred between 600 and 200 BC, involved the observation of stars to regulate the agricultural cycle.

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Despite enduring considerable damage from adverse weather, grazing animals, and stone extraction for local construction, the pyramids have yielded numerous artefacts, affirming the existence of ancient astronomical observations. Among the findings were charred ceramics and fragments of obsidian, believed to have been utilised as offerings by early Mexican inhabitants, according to officials.


Significantly, it was uncovered that the primary pyramid was strategically positioned to observe Canopus, one of the brightest stars in the night sky, particularly visible during February. Earlier research indicates that ancient residents of central Mexico meticulously maintained agricultural calendars through ‘precise’ astronomical observations.

Following the utilisation of these pyramids for astronomical rituals, the indigenous population of Sierra Norte inexplicably abandoned the site, relocating to Teotihuacan and other regions of Mexico. However, they later returned to pay homage to their ancestors, according to officials. Further research is slated for the site, which will remain closed to the public.
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Additionally, it was discovered that the main pyramid was strategically positioned to observe the star Canopus, one of the brightest in the night sky, particularly during the month of February.

Previous studies have demonstrated that the ancient residents of central Mexico meticulously maintained agricultural calendars through ‘precise’ astronomical observations.

Officials said that they later returned to the site to pay homage to their ancestors. Additional research will be carried out at the location, which will be kept closed to the public.