A birdwatcher’s guide to India: Must-visit sanctuaries and national parks

India is a paradise for birdwatchers, with its diverse ecosystems ranging from wetlands to forests, mountains, and grasslands. This diversity makes India a paradise to more than 1,300 species of birds, including many that are rare and endemic. If you are also an avid bird watcher, here’s a guide to seven must-visit bird sanctuaries and national parks in India that offer unparalleled bird watching opportunities.

Formerly known as Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary, Keoladeo National Park is a UNESCO World Heritage site and one of the most famous bird sanctuaries in India. Located in Rajasthan, this park is a haven for migratory birds, especially during the winter months. Over 370 species of birds can be found here, including the Siberian Crane, which migrates from Siberia. The park's diverse habitats—wetlands, forests, and grasslands—make it a prime location for spotting both waterfowl and woodland birds.

Chilika Lake is Asia’s largest brackish water lagoon and a globally significant wetland that attracts birdwatchers from around the world. Located in Odisha, this vast lake is a critical stopover point for migratory birds on the Central Asian Flyway. During the winter, the lake hosts over a million birds, including flamingos, pelicans, and rare species like the Irrawaddy dolphin. Nalabana Island within the lake is a designated bird sanctuary and is a must-visit for serious birdwatchers.

The Sundarbans is not only famous for its Bengal tigers but also as a birdwatcher’s delight. This UNESCO World Heritage site, with its intricate network of mangroves and waterways, supports a unique bird population. The park is home to a variety of bird species, including the endangered masked finfoot, mangrove pitta, and the black-capped kingfisher. The Sundarbans also serve as a wintering ground for many migratory species, making it a fascinating destination for bird enthusiasts.

Nestled on the banks of Vembanad Lake in Kerala, Kumarakom Bird Sanctuary is a tranquil haven for birdwatchers. The sanctuary is known for its houseboat and canoe rides that offer an immersive experience in the backwaters while observing birds. It’s a great place to spot migratory birds like the Siberian crane, egret, heron, and several species of ducks during the migratory season. The sanctuary is also home to many resident birds, including kingfishers, darters, and egrets.

Pong Dam Lake, also known as Maharana Pratap Sagar, is a man-made reservoir in Himachal Pradesh that has become a crucial wintering site for migratory birds. The lake attracts more than 220 species of birds, including bar-headed geese, Northern pintails, and common teals. The scenic backdrop of mountains further enhance the birdwatching experience, making Pong Dam a must-visit destination for bird lovers visiting northern India.

Also known as the Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary, Thattekad is one of the richest bird habitats in India, despite being one of the smallest. Located in Kerala, it is home to over 300 species of birds. The sanctuary is named after Dr. Salim Ali, India’s most renowned ornithologist, who described it as the richest bird habitat in peninsular India. Some of the key species found here include the Malabar trogon, Sri Lanka frogmouth, and various species of woodpeckers and owls.

Located in the Eastern Himalayas, Eaglenest Wildlife Sanctuary is a relatively lesser-known but highly rewarding destination for birdwatchers. The sanctuary is home to over 450 species of birds, including the newly discovered Bugun liocichla. The diverse elevation range of Eaglenest, from 500 to 3,250 meters, creates a variety of habitats, supporting a rich birdlife. This sanctuary is particularly appealing to birdwatchers looking for rare and endemic species in a pristine environment.