The April 2025 terror attack triggered a decisive shift in India’s security posture — from restraint to calibrated retaliation. The country formalised a more assertive approach, integrating military, technological, and diplomatic tools
The meadow still looks the same. Pine-fringed and postcard-perfect, the Baisaran Valley above Pahalgam once stood as shorthand for Kashmir’s fragile return to normalcy — tourists milling about, pony rides tracing familiar paths, the soft hum of a region trying to outgrow its past. Then came April 22, 2025.