Banning social media for kids & teens oversimplifies a complex problem

From endless scrolling to late-night binge-watching, screens have become inseparable from daily life. But when does use turn into dependence, and when does dependence become a health concern? Dr Yatan Pal Singh Balhara, professor of psychiatry at AIIMS Delhi, explains to Anuja Jaiswal the red flags marking digital addiction, its impact on children and adults, and how families can step in before it’s too late


At what point does screen use turn from lifestyle choice to medical problem?


It’s when a person is unable to control screen use, such as deciding when to start, how long to continue, or when to stop. When screen time takes priority over responsibilities at home, school or work, and continues despite clear negative consequences, that indicates problematic use and, in some cases, addiction.




What are the most common symptoms in patients with digital addiction?


People often seek help after academic decline and inter-personal conflicts. Sleep disturbances and irregular eating habits are common. Many report excessive time online, cravings to return to devices, and difficulty regulating use. Psychological discomfort, irritability and restlessness when unable to access devices are frequent. Physical complaints such as eye irritation, neck, back and thumb pain are also seen, and some patients report financial losses as well.


Are children’s brains more vulnerable to screen addiction than adults?


Children and teenagers aged 10-18 are more vulnerable because their brains are still maturing. Early initiation increases overall exposure while excessive screen use reduces time for other activities. Children also tend to compare themselves with others online and may not fully grasp long-term consequences. However, adults are not immune. We see digital addiction across adult age groups, particularly from 22-45 and again among those above 65 years.

Should social media be banned for teenagers, as Australia and France have recently done?


Steps by these countries reflect that the problem is real and urgent. However, a blanket ban may oversimplify a complex issue and could have unintended consequences. A more effective approach focuses on safe and healthy use of digital technology, with age-appropriate access to platforms and content, rather than relying solely on bans.


Which is proving most addictive in your opinion: gaming, social media or short-video apps?


At the Behavioural Addictions Clinic at AIIMS, we see a wide range of digital addictions, including smartphone, internet, gaming, gambling, pornography, shopping, OTT binge-watching and social media use. Occasionally, we also see less common patterns such as excessive engagement with reading novels or comics.


Are anxiety, depression or sleep disorders directly linked to excessive screen use?


Yes. In many cases, people seek help when anxiety, depression or sleep problems emerge. Digital addiction can increase the risk of these conditions, although sometimes the mental health issue comes first and problematic screen use follows.


Can digital addiction trigger withdrawal symptoms similar to substance abuse?


Yes, though the nature of withdrawal is different. Symptoms are mainly psychological, including anxiety, irritability and strong urges to resume the behaviour. Physical symptoms such as restlessness, sleep disturbance and aggression may also occur.


How do you clinically treat digital addiction, and does it require medication?


Treatment requires a structured approach, beginning with a detailed assessment and diagnosis. Management typically involves counselling and behavioural interventions and, in some cases, medication. Family members play an important role in treatment. The aim is to reduce harmful patterns and promote healthy use of technology, not complete elimination.


Has work-from-home blurred boundaries and worsened digital dependency in adults?


Work-from-home increased screen exposure and, for some individuals, the risk of developing problematic use. However, addiction results from multiple interacting factors. Those who are vulnerable are at greater risk, but increased screen time alone does not mean everyone will develop addiction.


Do app designs intentionally promote addictive behaviour?


Most apps are commercial products designed to maximise user engagement, which is expected. What matters is whether users are aware of these design strategies and remain mindful of how they influence behaviour.


What is one early warning sign families should never ignore?


When the use of digital devices begins to replace daily activities and responsibilities — such as eating, sleeping, studying or interacting with others — it is a strong indicator of excessive and potentially harmful use.