Although a clear association has been found between chronic stress, a weakened immune system and cancer diagnosis, it is not yet fully determined as of yet that psychological factors alone can solely cause the medical diagnosis of cancer. Various mechanisms have been linked between psychological distress, problems with immune system functioning and cancer, such as constant emotional burden leading to decreased functioning of natural killer cells that may cause errors in cancer cell control and can put additional physiological stress leading to treatment-resistance in cancer patients.Furthermore, chronic feelings of depression can lead to dysfunction of Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis that may disrupt the hormonal regulation, increase cortisol levels and body’s other inflammatory responses impacting the cancer defence process. Behavioural factors such as smoking and alcohol use, along with biological factors such as the dysfunctional cellular inflammatory response and a dysregulated Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis can contribute to worse outcomes in those who have been diagnosed with cancer.It has been found that people diagnosed with cancer have a rate of depressive symptoms that is at least three times or more than in the general population and is similar to rates that are associated with other serious medical illnesses with or without having a generalized immune dysfunction. Psychologically, in populations with chronic stress, a problematic immune function and cancer diagnosis, “demoralization” has recently emerged as a growing concern. Demoralization as a psychosocial concept that is characterized by symptoms of helplessness, hopelessness, and loss of meaning or purpose in life. Usually, it seems to affect those who do not have an adequate social support structure, are isolated or lonely, are unemployed or have untreated or inadequately treated psycho-oncological symptoms.The immune system dysfunction related to chronic stress and cancer include the increase in the level of the body's inflammatory factors, such as Interleukin-2, Interleukin-6, Tumour Necrosis Factor-Alpha, and other proinflammatory cytokines. The factors leading to chronic stress include having a history of mental disorder such as depression, having other medical problems, perceived lack of emotional support, a poor social functioning, having an anxious or avoidant temperament, going to difficult life situations, having problems coping with activities of daily living, and having substance use disorders.Notably, there is an increased likelihood of having thoughts about self-harm in people who have chronic stress, a weakened immune system, and a cancer diagnosis and seeking medical and psychosocial intervention is well-advised in such cases. (Dr. Astik Joshi, Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist, New Delhi)