Why do some people have Vitamin B12 deficiency and what is the best way to cure it

Vitamin B12 is a vital nutrient that is important for maintaining the health of our blood cells, nerves, and energy levels. However, did you realise that a large number of individuals worldwide lack this crucial vitamin?

In a 2023 study, about a third of adolescent boys are likely to be deficient in B12. Fatigue, nerve problems, and even major health concerns may result from this deficit if treatment is not received. Here are the main causes of vitamin B12 deficiency and the best remedies.

What causes vitamin B12 deficiency?

There’s no one-size-fits-all answer because Vitamin B12 deficiency can happen due to several reasons:

1. Diet choices

People who follow vegetarian or vegan diets are more likely to develop a B12 deficiency because this vitamin is primarily found in animal-based foods like meat, eggs, and dairy. Research published in 2024 highlights that up to 50% of vegans may have low B12 levels.

2. Digestive problems

Your body may have trouble absorbing vitamin B12 if your stomach or intestines aren't functioning correctly. Common causes include illnesses including gastritis, Crohn's disease, and coeliac disease. B12 absorption can be decreased even by stomach procedures such as gastric bypass.

3. Ageing

As we age, our stomach produces less acid, which is needed to extract Vitamin B12 from food. This is why older adults are more prone to deficiency, as stated by the National Institutes of Health (NIH).

4. Medications

Some medicines, such as metformin for diabetes and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) for acid reflux, can interfere with B12 absorption.

5. Autoimmune conditions

Pernicious anemia is an autoimmune condition where the body attacks the cells needed to absorb Vitamin B12. This leads to severe deficiency if untreated.

Signs that you might be low on vitamin B12

Vitamin B12 insufficiency symptoms might appear gradually, making them simple to ignore. Among the typical symptoms are:

1. Constant weakness or exhaustion.
2. Numbness or tingling in the hands and feet.
3. The inability to focus or memory issues.
4. Jaundiced or pale skin.
5. A painful or swollen tongue.

If any of these sound familiar, it’s important to get a blood test to check your B12 levels.

How to treat vitamin b12 deficiency

The good news is that Vitamin B12 deficiency is treatable! Here are the most effective ways to boost your levels:


1. Dietary changes If you’re deficient, adding B12-rich foods to your diet can make a big difference. Include items like:
- Meat (chicken).
- Fish
- Eggs and dairy products (milk, cheese, and curd).
For vegetarians, fortified cereals, plant-based milks, or nutritional yeast are good options.

2. Supplements For mild deficiencies, over-the-counter Vitamin B12 supplements are often enough. Choose between tablets, sublingual drops, or sprays. These are particularly helpful for people who follow a plant-based diet.


3. Injections
In severe cases or for people with absorption issues, doctors may prescribe B12 injections. These deliver the vitamin directly into your bloodstream, bypassing the digestive system.


4. Underlying conditions
If your deficiency is linked to a health condition like pernicious anemia or a digestive disorder, treating the root cause is essential. Work closely with your doctor to address these problems.

Preventing B12 deficiency

Prevention is always better than cure! Here’s how to stay ahead of a B12 deficiency:

If you’re at risk due to age, diet, or medical history, consider regular B12 testing.
Even if you don’t eat meat, go for fortified foods or supplements to maintain healthy levels.
If you have a condition that affects nutrient absorption, talk to your healthcare provider about preventive measures.

Why it’s important to act early

Vitamin B12 deficiency doesn’t fix itself and can lead to long-term health problems if ignored. Early intervention can protect your brain, nerves, and overall health. So, if you’re experiencing symptoms or belong to a high-risk group, don’t hesitate to seek medical advice.


With the right approach—whether it’s dietary changes, supplements, or medical treatments—you can easily restore your Vitamin B12 levels and feel healthier and more energetic!