Whooping cough cases in the US hit the highest in a decade

Case of whooping cough also known as pertussis, has spiked dramatically according to the latest data from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The cases have alarmingly surged this year and reached the highest annual total in a decade.

The preliminary data from mid-December suggests that more than 32,000 cases have been reported so far, this year, which is more than six times compared to the cases in the same time in 2023. This is higher than the cases reported in 2019, prior to the pandemic.

What is whooping cough or pertussis?

Whooping cough is a highly contagious respiratory illness caused by the Bordetella pertussis bacteria. The disease is only found in humans. The illness is known for the ‘whoop’ noise which happens when someone gasps for air after coughing.

The infection happens with the bacteria attaches to the cilia (tiny, hair-like extensions) that line part of the upper respiratory system. The bacteria release toxins which damage the cilia and cause airways to swell.

The disease spreads from person to person while coughing or sneezing, and is in close contact with others, who then breathe in the bacteria. Infected people are most contagious in the first two weeks after the cough begins.

Symptoms

The symptoms of whooping cough are similar to those of the common cold. Early symptoms last for 1 to 2 weeks.

• Runny or stuffed-up nose
• Low-grade fever (less than 100.4°F)
• A mild, occasional cough

After the first two weeks, infected people develop paroxysms, known as coughing fits. This lasts 1 to 6 weeks, but in some cases, it could prolong up to 10 weeks.

• Make a high-pitched ‘whoop’ while inhaling after a coughing fit
• Vomit during or after coughing fits
• Feel very tired after the fit, but usually seem well in between fits
• Have difficulty sleeping at night
• Struggle to breathe

CDC states vaccination is the best way to prevent pertussis. The government agency recommends whooping cough vaccination for everyone.

Preventive antibiotics aka postexposure antimicrobial prophylaxis (PEP) are also available. These antibiotics are provided to people who have been exposed to the bacteria, to prevent the infection.

CDC recommends practicing good hygiene to prevent the spread of such pathogenic and contagious bacteria and viruses.

Diagnosing whooping cough early, before coughing fits begin is also crucial. Though healthcare providers generally treat whooping cough with antibiotics, if the symptoms get serious, further treatment in the hospital may be required.



As whooping cough is on the rise, the CDC is conducting enhanced pertussis surveillance (EPS). The local and state health departments will also implement appropriate control strategies.

(Pic courtesy: iStock)