What is prolactin hormone: The causes behind the rise in prolactin levels

Prolactin is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland, which is situated at the base of the brain. It plays several important in milk production in women after childbirth. Did you know?


In women, prolactin hormone is known to stimulate milk production in the mammary glands after childbirth. It plays a role in both male and female reproductive health. “Prolactin is responsible for stimulating the mammary glands that aid in producing milk and making sure that baby tends to receive enough nutrition during breastfeeding. This hormone is also known to regulate ovarian function. It tends to impact the menstrual cycle by releasing gonadotropins (hormones like LH and FSH), which are crucial for ovulation and fertility. It supports immunity, helps with maternal bonding, and regulates other hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. High levels of prolactin can cause irregular menses, fertility problems, or even low milk production,” said Dr Kiran Coelho, Senior Gynaecologist, Lilavati Hospital.


Dr Kiran added, “Higher levels of prolactin or hyperprolactinemia, can be seen due to various reasons such as pregnancy, stress, breastfeeding, thyroid problems, tumor in the pituitary gland, kidney disease, liver cirrhosis, certain medication, and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). Many women can also have reduced libido or sexual dysfunction. Women will be asked to undergo blood tests, MRIs, and thyroid function tests to check for high prolactin levels. Treatment includes in the form of surgery and medication. It is better to follow the advice given by the expert to be able to deal with high prolactin levels and manage symptoms such as irregular menses, and inability to conceive. Consult the gynaecologist in case you have any doubts. Make informed choices when it comes to maintaining overall well-being.




“If high prolactin levels are suspected in women, the expert may advise repeat testing to rule out transient high level associated with stress and other hormonal blood tests, including thyroid function tests (TSH Thyroid Stimulating Hormone, Free T4 Thyroxine). Followup tests should be done without any delay. Diagnosing high prolactin levels (hyperprolactinemia) is the need of the hour as higher levels can have an impact on overall health, reproductive system, and quality of life stealing the peace of mind. Timely diagnosis of high prolactin levels enables targeted treatment, whether through medication, lifestyle changes, or addressing an underlying condition,” concluded Dr Rajesh Bendre, National Technical Head & Chief Pathologist Apollo Diagnostic, Mumbai.