Pancreatic cancer: The cancer that whispers until it’s too late, doctor reveals early red flags

Pancreatic cancer mostly develops deep in the abdomen and shows few symptoms in the beginning. Still, some early warning signs should not be ignored. These include ongoing abdominal or back pain, unexplained weight loss, yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice), dark urine, pale or greasy stools, and diabetes that starts in adults over 50 without a family history. Fatigue and loss of appetite can also indicate the need for a medical check-up. Recognizing these subtle symptoms early can be crucial for timely diagnosis and treatment.

This cancer is often found at an advanced stage because its symptoms resemble those of common digestive issues. There are no reliable screening tests for the general population. Since the pancreas is located behind major organs, small tumors can grow unnoticed until they start affecting nearby tissues or bile ducts. By the time signs like jaundice or significant weight loss appear, the disease may have already spread, limiting treatment options. Late diagnosis is a major reason why pancreatic cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide.

Smoking is the most notable preventable risk factor, doubling the chances of developing the disease. Drinking too much alcohol can lead to chronic pancreatitis, which increases the likelihood of cancer. Diets high in processed meats, saturated fats, and refined sugars are also linked to a higher risk, while those rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains may offer protection. Keeping a healthy weight, staying active, avoiding tobacco, and limiting alcohol are key steps for prevention.

The pancreas plays a crucial role in digestion and metabolism, and pancreatic cancer disrupts both severely. Tumors can block the release of digestive enzymes, leading to poor nutrient absorption, bloating, and oily or floating stools due to fat malabsorption. The disease can also impair insulin production, causing diabetes or worsening blood sugar control. These disruptions lead to significant metabolic changes, including muscle loss, weakness, and malnutrition, which often occur as the disease progresses.

About 10% of cases are linked to inherited gene mutations like BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2, ATM, and those connected to Lynch syndrome or Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. Individuals with a strong family history of pancreatic or related cancers should seek genetic counseling and consider testing. Being aware of genetic predisposition, along with managing lifestyle choices and having regular medical check-ups, can improve early detection and outcomes for those at higher risk.
Dr. Aadesh Patil, Senior Radiation Oncologist, Dr. L H Hiranandani Hospital - Powai, Mumbai