New study says Fish oil supplements are harmful for heart but what's the actual truth?

Fish oil supplements, highly regarded for their high omega-3 fatty acid content, have long been associated with heart health benefits. But a recent study that was published in BMJ Medicine has caused controversy by raising the possibility that these supplements may not be as heart-healthy as previously thought. Here is all you need to know about the benefits of omega-3 fatty acids, the science behind fish oil, and the most recent findings about its effects on cardiovascular health.

What is fish oil?

Fish oil is derived from the tissues of fatty fish. It is rich in omega-3 fatty acids, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). These essential fats are known for their anti-inflammatory properties and their role in maintaining various bodily functions, including brain and heart health.

Benefits of Omega-3

Omega-3 fatty acids are crucial for human health. They play a significant role in:

1. Omega-3s help reduce inflammation in the body, which is linked to many chronic diseases.
2. High doses of EPA and DHA can significantly lower blood triglyceride levels.
3. Omega-3s are known to help lower blood pressure, reduce the risk of heart attack, and prevent arrhythmias.
4. DHA, in particular, is vital for brain health and cognitive function.

What does the new study say about Fish oil supplements?

The UK Biobank study, conducted from January 1, 2006, to December 31, 2010, with a follow-up until March 31, 2021, offers new insights into the effects of fish oil supplements on heart health. The study involved 415,737 participants aged 40-69 years and examined the impact of fish oil supplements on various cardiovascular outcomes.

Risk of atrial fibrillation: For individuals without existing cardiovascular disease, regular use of fish oil supplements was associated with a 13% higher risk of developing atrial fibrillation (a heart rhythm disorder) and a 5% increased risk of stroke.

For people with diagnosed heart conditions, fish oil supplements showed several benefits:

• The risk of moving from atrial fibrillation to major cardiovascular problems was reduced.
• The chance of developing a heart attack from atrial fibrillation was lower.
• The risk of dying from heart failure was also reduced.

The study concluded that regular fish oil use might pose a risk for atrial fibrillation and stroke in the general population but could help in managing disease progression in those already diagnosed with cardiovascular conditions.

What does this mean for fish oil supplement users?

Given these findings, the use of fish oil supplements appears to be a double-edged sword. While they may offer benefits for individuals with existing heart disease, they could increase the risk of certain heart conditions in healthy individuals. Here are some recommendations based on the study's findings:

1. Before starting high-dose fish oil supplements, it is crucial to consult a doctor, to weigh the potential benefits against the risks.
2. A healthy lifestyle, including regular exercise (150 minutes per week), and a diet low in saturated fats, sugars, and processed foods, is more effective in reducing heart disease risk than relying solely on supplements.
3. For those at higher risk of heart disease, medications and dietary changes that have proven benefits should be prioritised over fish oil supplements.