Mould, moisture, and sneezing: The ENT side of monsoon allergies

As the monsoon arrives, it also brings seasonal allergies. During the monsoon, it is suggested to stay indoors to avoid illness. Especially illnesses related to ENT, that is, the ears, nose and throat, it is challenging for people to prevent such diseases. Typically, the mould and moisture formed in the indoor spaces cause monsoon allergies.

Monsoon season raises the humidity, which leads to the growth of mould. Mould grows in damp areas which lack ventilation, and it is often easy to recognise by people as it appears in different colours. This growth in a house or any living space can cause nasal congestion, sneezing and cough. It often affects the respiratory system, leading to wheezing and worsening asthma. Mould spores, particularly, can enter deep into the nose and cause allergies. This includes inflammation of the nasal mucosa, resulting in symptoms like sneezing, a runny nose, and a blocked nose.

The humidity in the air created by the monsoon tends to affect the ear and cause an ear infection. For example, the moisture in the air enters the ear canal of the person and gets trapped there. The water that gets trapped breeds fungus and bacteria. Ultimately, this development of fungus causes pain in the ear, itchiness, and unbearable unease.

Symptoms triggered by mould and moisture allergies
To combat monsoon allergies, the immune system of the person fights mould spores and various allergens inhaled. People should be aware of the differences between the symptoms of monsoon allergies and those of a common cold caused by infections. Some of the known or common symptoms include constant sneezing, nasal congestion and a runny nose. Other symptoms, such as itchy eyes and nose, irritation in the throat, and headaches, are signs of monsoon allergies.

Which person is most impacted by monsoon allergies?
Monsoon allergies, caused by moisture and mould, typically affect individuals with asthma and respiratory diseases. The immune system helps in combating such allergies, and individuals with a weakened immune system are at risk of having monsoon allergies. Other than such diseases, individuals who live in poorly built houses without proper ventilation and those who stay outdoors for extended periods are at risk of developing moisture allergies.

Suppose these symptoms, such as sneezing repeatedly, nasal congestion, and earache, persist for days. In that case, treatment must be sought immediately, as they will develop into chronic sinusitis and ear infection if left untreated. Standard treatments like antihistamines, corticosteroid nasal sprays, and antibiotics are strongly prescribed to manage the allergy triggered by mould and dampness. Some advice for managing monsoon allergies involves controlling the humidity in the home. The kitchen, bathroom, and the less-occupied areas of the house must be well ventilated and dry to prevent mould growth. Nasal sprays with saline or inhaling steam will relieve the nasal and throat discomfort and the congestion that has accumulated.
(Dr. Manaswini Ramachandra, MBBS, MS - ENT/Otorhinolaryngologist, Apollo Spectra Hospital, Bangalore)