On World Heart Day, everyone should pledge to take care of one of the most critical body organs and promise to adopt a disciplined lifestyle. This year, the theme of the World Heart Day is "Use Heart for Action" and what we lack is the right action and guidance on how to approach the right way to take care of the heart.
India is witnessing a rise in heart ailments, and what's more concerning is the rise of the disease among youngsters. Few decades before, heart disease was mostly associated with old age, however, with modernity and advancement in technology, the onset of the disease is getting premature. Several incidents of young adults, fitness enthusiasts, and healthy people are collapsing all of a sudden.
"In India, several lifestyle habits negatively impact health. We simply do not have a culture of exercise; a sedentary lifestyle is common, with many opting for minimal physical activity due to work and commuting. Unhealthy eating is prevalent, characterized by high consumption of fried foods, frequent snacking, sugars, and fats, contributing to obesity and diabetes. Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption are significant concerns, leading to various health complications. Additionally, poor stress management and inadequate sleep are prevalent, affecting mental and physical well-being. Indians are also averse to regular health check-ups which can help with early detection of potential health issues, exacerbating existing problems and reducing overall quality of life," says Dr. Ramakanta Panda, Chairman & Chief Cardiac Surgeon, Asian Heart Institute, Mumbai.
With a rich history of medical experience of treating and managing patients with cardiovascular issues, Dr Panda recommends good diet and exercise to promote heart health. "Regular physical activity strengthens the heart muscle, improves circulation, and lowers blood pressure, reducing the risk of heart disease. It also helps manage weight, enhances mood, and boosts energy levels. A heart-healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, semi-cooked and raw food, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats can lower cholesterol and inflammation, keeping the body well-nourished," he says.
Apart from this, he highlights stress to be a major factor that influences heart ailments. "Chronic stress triggers the release of hormones like cortisol and adrenaline, which can lead to increased heart rate and blood pressure. Over time, this strain on the cardiovascular system can contribute to conditions like hypertension and coronary artery disease. Those suffering from anxiety and depression are also prone to unhealthy behaviors, including poor diet, physical inactivity, and substance abuse, further increasing heart disease risk. Additionally, mental health conditions can diminish motivation for self-care and regular medical check-ups," he says.
He says, in India five common types of heart diseases are seen among patients. Coronary artery disease, the leading cause of heart attacks; hypertension, which increases the risk of heart complications; heart failure, which occurs when the heart cannot pump blood effectively, leading to fluid buildup; arrhythmias or irregular heartbeats can disrupt normal heart function; valvular heart disease or malfunctioning heart valves can hinder blood flow, affecting overall heart health.
With growing cases of heart diseases in the country and India reporting millions of heart related incidents and deaths annually, Dr Panda recommends early screening of heart and its risk factors. "Early detection through screenings can identify risk factors like hypertension, high cholesterol, and diabetes, enabling timely intervention and lifestyle changes. Given the genetic predisposition and lifestyle factors prevalent in India, such as unhealthy diets and sedentary habits, proactive monitoring can significantly reduce the risk of serious cardiovascular events. Screenings also promote awareness about heart health, encouraging healthier choices," he suggests.
Do genetics play a role in heart disease risk? Yes, he says and adds that those with a family history of heart disease will have a higher probability of the risk of heart disease. Certain inherited conditions, such as high cholesterol or hypertension, can predispose individuals to cardiovascular issues.
A doctor with decades of experience in cardiology, Dr Panda says treatment of heart diseases has advanced to a great extent and will continue to advance. "The trend will change from episodic healthcare management to preventive healthcare management. Wearable devices will warn patients about potential warnings and also alert the hospital which maintains your records. Hospitals will staff separately for in-patient and out of premise care. This will radically change the staffing mix. Ailments that impact quality of life, such as vertigo, obesity, sleep apnea will gain prominence as the focus changes from cure to prevention," he says.
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