Fatty liver in children: Identifying warning signs to prevent the onset of this disease

Fatty liver disease, once considered primarily an adult health concern, is increasingly becoming a worrisome issue in children. This condition, also known as pediatric non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), occurs when excess fat accumulates in the liver cells of children who consume a diet high in processed foods, added sugars, and unhealthy fats, combined with a sedentary lifestyle. Identifying the signs of fatty liver in children and seeking timely treatment is crucial to prevent its progression and potential long-term consequences.

Fatigue and Weakness: Dr. Rahul Dubbaka, Consultant Gastroenterologist, CARE Hospitals Banjara Hills, Hyderabad says, “Children with fatty liver may exhibit unexplained tiredness and weakness, which can affect their school performance and daily activities”.

Obesity or Overweight: While not all children with fatty liver are overweight, the majority tend to be obese or overweight. Excess body weight, especially around the abdominal region, is a common risk factor for NAFLD.

Abdominal Pain: Some children with fatty liver may experience discomfort or mild pain in the upper right side of the abdomen.

Poor Appetite or Weight Loss: In some cases, children with advanced fatty liver disease may experience a loss of appetite or unintended weight loss.

Elevated Liver Enzymes: According to Dr. Dubbaka, “Routine blood tests may reveal elevated liver enzyme levels, indicating liver inflammation and potential fatty liver disease”.

Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes: Fatty liver disease is closely associated with insulin resistance, and some children with NAFLD may develop type 2 diabetes over time.

High Cholesterol and Triglycerides: “Blood tests may also show abnormal levels of cholesterol and triglycerides, which are linked to fatty liver disease”, says Dr. Dubbaka.

According to Dr. Dubbaka, “The primary focus of treatment for pediatric NAFLD is lifestyle changes. Encouraging a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins is essential. Reducing intake of sugary beverages, processed foods, and saturated fats is crucial. Regular physical activity is also vital in managing fatty liver disease. Parents should limit screen time and encourage their children to engage in age-appropriate physical activities”.

If the child is overweight or obese, gradual weight loss under medical supervision is recommended. Crash diets or extreme weight loss measures should be avoided, as they can worsen liver health and overall well-being.

If a child is diagnosed with fatty liver disease, close medical supervision is necessary. The healthcare provider will monitor the child's liver function and other relevant parameters regularly. The healthcare team will work with the child and their family to develop a personalized treatment plan based on the child's specific needs.

If the child has insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, or high cholesterol levels, appropriate management of these conditions is essential to improve fatty liver disease outcomes.

It is crucial for parents to consult with healthcare professionals before giving their child any over-the-counter medications or supplements, as some of them may harm the liver.

“Since fatty liver disease can have a genetic component, it is advisable for family members, especially parents, to undergo screening if a child is diagnosed with NAFLD,” advises Dr. Dubbaka.

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