5 warning signs of bowel cancer and how to reduce the risk, according to a gut expert

Bowel cancer, aka colorectal cancer, is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. More than 1.9 million new cases were reported in 2020, claiming over 930000 deaths worldwide. According to the data by the WHO, the global burden will increase to 3.2 million new cases (an increase of 63%) and 1.6 million deaths per year (an increase of 73%) by 2040. Early diagnosis is crucial for better treatment outcomes, survival rates, and quality of life. Dr. Megan Rossi, a leading gut health scientist and registered dietitian, has stressed about catching the warning signs of bowel cancer early. “While I was studying at university, my grandmother was diagnosed with bowel cancer. Despite undergoing treatment, she passed away not long after. Would her story have been different if we’d talked more openly about the warning signs? I think about this a lot. Early detection is so important,” she said, recalling a personal experience. Before we delve deeper into the symptoms of bowel cancer, let’s understand what it is. Take a closer look.

What is bowel cancer

Bowel cancer, also known as colorectal cancer, affects the colon (large intestine) or rectum. Depending on where they start, these cancers can also be called colon cancer or rectal cancer. This cancer can lead to severe harm and even be terminal. It also affects the quality of life in survivors, which is why catching the early signs are crucial.

What are the warning signs of bowel cancer

Bowel cancer often has no symptoms in the early stages. However, some may experience the following signs, which are easy to dismiss as common illnesses. “Get familiar with the symptoms. Don’t ignore changes in your gut because early diagnosis can save lives,” Dr. Rossi said. Take a look at these warning signs.

The 5 warning signs include:

• Unexplained weight loss (5%+ of your bodyweight)
• Uncomfortable and constant bloating
• Blood in your poop (which may look red or black)
• Changes in your bowel movements [that aren't usual for you)
• Fatigue that doesn't improve with rest

Bowel cancer is on the rise

The incidence of bowel cancer is increasing. Why? “Rates of bowel cancer are rising globally, and it’s those born after 1990 who are seeing the sharpest increase. One big reason? We’re uncovering that our shift away from traditional diets (think high-fibre, plant-rich foods) to more ultra-processed foods, red and processed meat, and added sugars, is (in part) to blame,” Dr. Rossi explained, in a video shared on Instagram.
Often sounding guilty, or maybe sometimes a promise of ‘only a balanced diet from tomorrow,’ but what is the reality of these promises?

How to prevent bowel cancer

Dr. Rossi noted that “54% of all bowel cancer cases are thought to be preventable.” She emphasized the importance of trying to control some of the lifestyle factors that increase the risk. These include:

• Eat a nutritious and well-balanced diet
• Stop or limit alcohol intake
• Move more
• Aim for at least 7-9 hours of sleep
• Manage your stress

Where to begin?

The gut health and nutrition expert advises starting with fiber. “A study in the BMJ found that for every additional 10g of fibre you eat daily, your risk of colorectal cancer drops by 10%. Yet most of us aren’t hitting the recommended 30g daily target - never mind the 30+ plants a week for gut diversity. If you do just one thing this week, add one extra portion of plants from the Super Six (wholegrains, nuts and seeds, fruit, veg, legumes, and herbs and spices) to your meals,” she said, highlighting the simple but powerful impact of dietary choices on long-term gut and overall health.