Siliguri's biodiversity: A model for urban ecology and sustainable development

As the world marks the International Day for Biological Diversity, Siliguri's efforts in understanding and appreciating urban biodiversity through the City Biodiversity Index (CBI) stand as a model for sustainable urban development. The CBI, also known as the Singapore Index on Cities' Biodiversity, offers a comprehensive assessment of the city's ecological health, focusing on Native Biodiversity, Ecosystem Services, and Biodiversity Governance.

Diverse and rich ecosystems

Siliguri's CBI reveals a vibrant tapestry of life within the city:

• Bird Species: The city hosts 243 bird species, including the melodious Himalayan Bulbul and the spectacular Asian Paradise Flycatcher.
• Vascular Plants: With 241 species, including iconic Rhododendrons and delicate Orchids, Siliguri's plant life is both diverse and ecologically valuable.
• Freshwater Fish: The city's rivers support 71 fish species, like the prized Mahseer and the locally common Chela.
• Amphibians and Reptiles: The presence of 37 species, including the rare Himalayan Newt and the widespread Common Indian Toad, highlights the need for targeted conservation efforts.
• Odonates: A total of 69 dragonfly and damselfly species, such as the rare Kalinga Wisp and the striking Common Picture Wing, underscore the ecological richness of the city's aquatic habitats.
• Invasive Species: The CBI also identifies 49 invasive plant species, including the aggressive Lantana camara and allergenic Parthenium weed, which pose challenges to native ecosystems.

Ecosystem Services and Urban Benefits
The CBI evaluates the ecosystem services provided by Siliguri's biodiversity:

• Climate Regulation and Carbon Storage: Nearly 15% of the city's land area is covered by tree canopy, crucial for shading, reducing urban heat, and sequestering carbon.
• Natural Areas: These areas, making up 16% of Siliguri's total area, support diverse wildlife and provide essential ecological services.
• Permeable Surfaces: Accounting for 52.22% of the city's land, these surfaces facilitate effective water management, reducing runoff and moderating urban temperatures.
• Recreational Green Spaces: Parks and green areas enhance community well-being and environmental education, contributing to the quality of urban life.

Governance and sustainable development
The governance aspect of the CBI highlights Siliguri's commitment to integrating biodiversity into urban planning:

• Local Policies and Public Participation: Effective local policies, budget allocation for biodiversity projects, and public involvement in conservation efforts reflect the city's proactive approach.
• Strategic Management: The strategic management and expansion of green spaces are critical for sustaining Siliguri's environmental health and resilience against climate change.

Insights from the CBI
“The CBI for Siliguri serves as a vital tool for understanding and managing its natural resources. The species checklist not only underscores the richness of the city's biodiversity but also highlights the challenges in conserving these natural assets amidst rapid urbanization,” said Emani Kumar, Executive Director, ICLEI South Asia.

Dr. Monalisa Sen, Senior Programme Coordinator (Biodiversity) at ICLEI South Asia, added, “This detailed and structured exploration of Siliguri’s biodiversity through the CBI highlights the important interplay between urban development and biodiversity conservation. Recognizing and integrating biodiversity into urban planning is essential for sustainable future growth.”

As Siliguri continues to grow and develop, the insights provided by the City Biodiversity Index are crucial for ensuring that this growth is sustainable and beneficial for both people and nature. The city's commitment to biodiversity management sets a precedent for other urban areas aiming to balance development with ecological conservation.


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