What is mithi jal: Rajasthan's desi AC system that keeps surroundings 8 degrees cooler than outside in summers

India is currently reeling through a massive heatwave that has left most wanting to huddle up in their houses with their air conditioners on for hours. However, for others, venturing out into the scorching heat is not an option but a necessity with offices, schools and life continuing despite the extreme weather.

As per the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO), there is a likely return of El Niño conditions as early as May-July in 2026. Even the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) has warned of persistent heatwaves between April and June, with temperatures staying above the normal degrees. With mercury crossing 45 degrees in some states, life without air conditioners seems impossible. But as they say, necessity is the mother of invention and Indians are great at jugad.

Rajasthan natives cool down in desi AC

Rajasthan is known for its dry and humid weather conditions. Summers especially are unbearable in the state due to extreme heat and most turn to natural solutions when travelling outside.

In rural areas of western Rajasthan, people are finding respite from the blazing sun by sitting under the dense and evergreen canopy of mithi jal or peelu rees, scientifically known as Salvadora oleoides.

What is mithi jal?

Mithi jal trees or Salvadora oleoides are commonly found in the arid region of Rajasthan, Haryana, Punjab, Maharashtra and Gujarat. In Rajasthan, it forms a dominant part of the vegetation of Jodhpur, Barmer, Bikaner, Jaisalmer, Churu, Jhunjhunu and Nagaur.

According to a report published in the International Journal of Pharmaceutical, Chemical and Biological Sciences, mithi jal tree is an oil-yielding medicinal and multipurpose tree that belongs to the family of Salvadoaceae.

According to videos going viral online, mithi jal trees provide natural shade for people with their densely clustered leaves. Thus, the area surrounded by their shade remains 5-8 degrees cooler than the surroundings even on a hot afternoon.

When one is travelling through long distances or living in areas where air conditioners are not easily affordable, this desi AC becomes the holy grail for survival. People stand or sit inside the cool shade with their family or livestock, finding relief in the middle of a heatwave.

Moreover, the tree is also known for its edible sweet berries and its branches are used as a traditional toothbrush.