Did Egypt really issue a passport to 3,000-year-old Ramesses II for 1974 flight to Paris? Fact or fiction?

A widely shared social media post claims to show the passport of Ramesses II, allegedly issued more than 3,000 years after his death so his mummy could be flown to France in 1974.

The story has spread with a mix of fascination and disbelief, complete with a supposed passport image listing his birth as 1303 BC and occupation as “King (deceased)”. But while part of the claim is rooted in reality, the image itself, and some of the surrounding assumptions, tell a more complicated story.

The viral claim, and why it caught attention

The post, shared widely across platforms including Instagram, reads: “In 1974, Ramesses II was sent on a flight to Paris for preservation and maintenance work. But since French law required every person, living or dead to fly with a valid passport, Egypt was forced to issue a passport to the Pharaoh, 3,000 years after his death.”

Alongside the claim is an image presented as the pharaoh’s passport, a modern-looking document styled like an official Egyptian travel booklet. It features a portrait resembling Ramesses II’s mummified face, with printed details that heighten the sense of authenticity: his date of birth is listed as “1303 B.C.”, the issue date appears as “Sept. 3, 1974,” and, most strikingly, his occupation is recorded as “King (deceased)”. The layout mimics a standard passport format, complete with identification fields and formal typography, which is precisely why the image has been so widely taken at face value.


The combination of bureaucratic absurdity and ancient history helped the claim go viral, but it blends fact with fiction.

What actually happened in 1974

The core of the story is true, but the full sequence of events is far more detailed than the viral claim suggests.

In 1974, the mummy of Ramesses II was flown from Cairo to Paris after concerns emerged over its deteriorating condition. According to reporting by The New York Times, the chain of events began when French physician Maurice Bécaille was conducting research at the Cairo Museum into the biblical exodus narrative and seeking to determine the cause of the pharaoh’s death.

After being granted permission to closely examine the mummy, Bécaille found that “under the bandages the remains were not in good shape, with parts destroyed by mysterious growths.” He proposed that French scientists could assist with preservation, a suggestion that initially met resistance from Egyptian authorities, who were reluctant to allow such a historically significant figure to leave the country.

The proposal only moved forward after it reached the highest political level. French President Valéry Giscard d’Estaing raised the matter directly with Egyptian President Anwar el-Sadat during a state visit to Cairo in December the previous year, formally offering France’s assistance in restoring the mummy.
To comply with modern travel requirements, Egypt issued Ramesses II an official passport, a bureaucratic step that has since become the most widely shared part of the story. As noted by National Geographic, the document included his image and listed his occupation as “King (deceased)”.

The image is not real, it’s an artist’s rendering

While the passport itself existed, the image circulating online does not show the real document.

A reverse image search traces the widely shared picture back to an article published on the archaeology website Heritage Daily on 25 March 2020. The site clearly notes in a disclaimer that the image is “an artist’s creation” and that the actual passport is not publicly available.

In other words, the viral post pairs a genuine historical anecdote with a fabricated visual, giving the impression of documentary proof where none has been publicly released.

Who was Ramesses II, and why he still fascinates

Ramesses II, often known as Ramesses the Great, ruled for 67 years during Egypt’s 19th Dynasty (c. 1279–1213 BCE) and is widely regarded as one of the most powerful and celebrated pharaohs of the New Kingdom.

He claimed a decisive victory over the Hittites at the Battle of Kadesh, though historians now consider it more of a stalemate that ultimately led to the world’s earliest known peace treaty in 1258 BCE.

His legacy was vast. He had over 200 wives and concubines, fathered dozens of children, and commissioned monuments across Egypt on an unprecedented scale. Later generations referred to him as the “Great Ancestor”.

His body was originally buried in the Valley of the Kings, later moved by priests to protect it from looters, and eventually rediscovered in 1881 in a royal cache at Deir el-Bahri alongside dozens of other mummies. Today, he is displayed at the Egyptian Museum in Cairo.

Ramesses II is also frequently linked, though without conclusive evidence, to the pharaoh described in the biblical Book of Exodus, which states: “And the children of Israel journeyed from Ramses,” in its account of the Israelites’ departure from Egypt.