5 of the oldest oil refineries around the world

As the world moves toward clean energy, sustainability, and green technology, we often forget where it all began– the early days of the oil industry. Before today's giant refineries and global oil trade, a few small facilities were already refining crude oil, playing a significant role in industrial growth and shaping local economies.

Some of these refineries, built more than a hundred years ago, are still operating. They’ve stood the test of time– surviving wars, economic changes, and shifting fuel demands. In this article, we take a look at five of the oldest oil refineries in the world that are still running today. Note: The information in this article is based on a report published by oldest(dot)org. Images used in the article are for illustrative purposes only.

Romania set up one of the world’s first working oil refineries in 1856, in the city of Ploiești. Thanks to the nearby oil fields, the refinery helped the region become an early hub for Europe’s oil trade. During World War II, its value was clear– so much so that Allied forces bombed it to cut off oil supplies to the Axis powers. Even after suffering heavy damage, the refinery was rebuilt and continued operating, proving just how important it was to Romania’s industry and economy.

Two years after Ploiești, France built the Noble Refinery in 1858. At a time when France mostly depended on imported crude oil, especially from Russia, this refinery helped the country develop its own oil refining industry. Over the years, the refinery kept up with new technology and changing market needs, going through several upgrades. It played a key role in shaping France's oil refining industry and establishing early oil supply routes in the region.

In 1859, Azerbaijan’s Baku region, rich in oil, became home to one of the world’s first oil refineries. The Baku Oil Refinery was built to process oil from nearby fields, helping the region grow into an important industrial center. The refinery played a significant role in establishing Baku as one of the world’s first energy hubs. Its continued operation highlights how crucial it was to Azerbaijan’s energy industry, especially in the early days of global oil production.

Germany entered the oil refining industry in 1866 with the Burghausen Refinery. It was originally built to produce kerosene, which was a key fuel for lighting before electricity became common. Over time, the refinery adapted to meet changing energy needs. Through several updates, the refinery has remained in operation, showing how Germany’s industrial infrastructure has evolved with the times.

The Pernis Refinery in the Netherlands started in 1883. Over time, it became not only one of the oldest but also the largest oil refineries in Europe. Located near Rotterdam and operated by Royal Dutch Shell, it has been a key supplier of fuel to Europe. Even though it’s old, the refinery has been regularly updated to stay current with new standards and remains a major center for oil processing.