Mastering general science for competitive exams

Patna: Mastering general science in competitive exams requires a balanced mix of conceptual clarity and smart test-taking strategies. The core subjects tested are physics, chemistry, and biology (typically of 10th-grade NCERT-level), alongside recent scientific discoveries.Most competitive examinations have some questions on topics of general science. In general, the questions asked are as follows:BPSC and other state PSCs: Emphasise factual recall—human biology and deficiency diseasesSSC and Railways: Focus on pattern recognition—SI units, everyday mechanics, optics, and common compounds—treating previous years’ questions as the de facto syllabusUPSC: Shift to applied science and current affairs—space, biotech, public health, and societal impacts of technology—rather than deep equationsThe four pillars1. Human biology & public health: Emphasise human physiology, nutrition and vitamins, plant anatomy, diseases, pathogens, vectors (examples such as kala-azar and dengue)2. Chemistry: Concentrate on chemical formulas, acid-base-salt concepts, the reactivity series of metals, carbon compounds, metals and corrosion, kitchen chemistry3. Physics and mechanics: SI units, energy basics, Newtonian motion, optics, waves and sound (doppler, ultrasound), electricity4. Modern science and technology: Space orbits, GPS, ISRO missions, CRISPR and biotech basics, AI, IoT, 5G, and the societal impact of technologiesFocus on Fundamentals: General science questions are largely application-based. Instead of memorising facts, understand the underlying principles of phenomena (eg, how laws of reflection shape acoustics, the periodic table, or cell biology).Relate to daily life: Notice how scientific theories translate into daily occurrences, such as why a pencil bends in water (refraction) or how vitamins impact health.Practice and revisionPrevious Year Questions (PYQs): Approximately 80-90% of general science questions are repeated or slightly modified from past exams. Regularly solve PYQs to understand the exact exam pattern.Mock Tests: Take timed sectional and full-length mock tests to manage your time and improve your guesswork.(The writer, Ashok Kumar Jha, is an assistant professor of physics in Patna University)